EFFECTIVE PRESENTATION TIPS

PREPARING FOR A MEETING

E-MAIL for a meeting

To: lore@design.com

cc: nata@design.com; andrew@design.com; george@design.com
From: marie@design.com
Subject: Meeting

Hi Everyone,

We will be having a meeting next wednesday from 9:00 AM-11:00 AM in block 3 room 401. The purpose of the meeting is to
discuss which aspect are going to the present from the outcoming project. We need to choose if we are going to make firts: the business plan or the production process. Is very important talk with the boss from the mushroom company for ultimate last details of the project and hopefully don't waste any time.
We are also expecting important designers can give us their review in the outcoming meeting for present the project the program date is next friday don't forget it. 

 
Thank you,
Marie

MEETINGS VOCABULARY

A  
absent, accomplish,  address, adjourn, agenda, AGM (annual general meeting), allocate, AOB (any other business), apologies


B
ballot, board of directors, boardroom, braindstorm


C
casting vote, chairperson, clarification, closing remarks, collaborate, commence, comment, conference, conference call, confidential, consensus


D
deadline, designate


F
formality


G
grievance, guest speaker


I
implement


M
mandatory, minutes, motion


O
objectives, opening remarks, overhead projector


P
participant, proxy vote, punctual


R
recommend


S
show of hands, strategy


U
unanimous


V
vote


W
wrap up




EXAMPLES FROM VOCABULARY QUIZ

1. We ran out of time and were forced to ADJOURN  the meeting.
2. If hou have a COMMENT  please wait until Marie has finished speaking.
3. The board memebers couldn't come to a CONSENSUS so they had to hold a vote.
4. Markus was away on business, so A PROXY VOTE was assigned
5. Before we WRAP UP i want to remind everyone to sign the attendance form on the way out
6. In his CLOSING REMARKS the chairman thanked everyone for doing such a good job this month.
7. I'll COMMENCE as soon as all of the board members take a seat.
8. Since everyone was so PUNCTUAL we were able to finish the meeting early.
9. We'll be discussing this year profits at the AGM.
10. a MOTION to eliminate all part-time positions was put forward at the meeting.

CHINA AND OUTSOURCING

Companies of all sizes have turned to outsourcing in China, which can free up internal resources, keep overhead under control, minimize liability and ultimately save money. With the right offshore outsourcing service, accomplishing these goals is only the beginning of the benefits of Chinese outsourcing. In addition to sizeable cost savings, outsourcing to China presents additional value by improving process productivity and product quality.

According to Forbes Magazine, China’s size, infrastructure and talent pool all indicate a promising future for outsourcing over the coming decade. The numbers speak for themselves: in 2009, industry revenues totalled $13 billion and they are projected to grow to $44 billion by 2014, according to IDC KPMG analyses and Datamonitor. China’s outsourcing industry has also been shaped by different factors to those of India. Its growth has been founded on the domestic market as well as nearby overseas markets such as Japan and Korea. It continues to branch out into new markets, taking advantage of its strong infrastructure and talent pool, as well as diverse language skills. 

China Outsourcing Services:

• Product analysis and cost assessments
• China Supplier screening, evaluation and qualification
• Strategic partners identification
• Personalized translation and communication
• Detailed corporate background checks
• Marketing research and procurement
• Quality control and production inspection
• Shipping inspection and logistics arrangement
• Custom clearance and distribution
• Import and/or exporting (including but not limited to: order processing, documentation management, ensuring government compliance and customs clearance)

PRINCIPLES OF MANAGMENT

Henry Fayol developed theory of management. According to him managerial excellence is a technically ability and can be acquired. Fayol's principles of management meet the requirements of modern management.

The principles of management that Fayol developed are:

Division of work, Authority and responsability, discipline, unity of command, unity of direction, subordination of individual interest to general interests, fair remuneration to employees, centralization and decentralization, social chain, order, equity, stability of use of personnel, initiative, spirit of cooperation.

• Division of Work

Division of work promotes efficiency because it permits an organizational member to work in a limited area reducing the scope of his responsibility. 

• Authority and Responsibility

Authority and responsibility go together or co-existing. Both authority and responsible are the two sides of a coin. In this way, if anybody is made responsible for any job, he should also have the concerned authority. In other awards when the authority is exercised the responsibility. In other awards when the authority is exercised the responsibility is automatically generated.

• Discipline

Means sincerity about the work and enterprise, carrying out orders and instructions of superiors and to have faith in the policies and programmes of the business enterprise, in other sense, discipline in terms of obedience, application, energy and respect to superior. A well disciplined working force is essential for improving the quality and quantity of the production.

• Unity of Command

A subordinate should take order from only one boss and he should be responsible and accountable to him. The violation of this principle will face some serious consequences. In this way, the principle of unity of command provides the enterprise disciplined, stable and orderly existence. It creates harmonious relationship between officers and subordinates, congenial atmosphere of work. 

• Unity of direction

Fayol advocates "One head and one plan" which means that group efforts on a particular plan be led and directed by a single person. This enables effective co-ordination of individual efforts and energy.

• Subordination of individual interests to general interests

The interest of the business enterprise ought to come before the interests of the praise individual workers. In other words, principle of management state that employees should surrender their personnel interest before the general interest of the enterprise. Sometimes the employees due to this ignorance, selfishness, laziness, carelessness and emotional pleasure overlook the interest of the organisation. This attitude proves to be very harmful to the enterprise.

• Fair Remuneration to employees

Wage-rates and method of their payment should be fair, proper and satisfactory. Both employees and ex-employers should agree to it. Logical and appropriate wage-rate and methods of their payment reduces tension and differences between workers and management, create harmonious relationship and a pleasing atmosphere of work. 

• Centralization and Decentralization

There should be one central point in the organisation which exercises overall direction and control of all the parts. But the degree of centralization of authority should vary according to the needs of situation. Further, Fayol does not favor centralization or decentralization of authorities but suggests that these should be proper and effective adjustment between centralization and decentralization in order to achieve maximum objectives of the business. The choice between centralization and decentralization be made after taking into consideration the nature of work and the efficiency, experience and decision-making capacity of the executives.

• Scalar chain

The scalar chain is a chain of supervisors from the highest to the lowest rank. It should be short-circuited. An employee should feel the necessity to contact his superior through the scalar chain. The authority and responsibility is communicated through this scalar chain. Fayol defines scalar chain as "the chain of superiors ranging from the ultimate authority to the lowest rank." 

• Order

According to Fayol there should be proper, systematic and orderly arrangement of physical and social factors, such as land, raw materials, tools and equipments and employees respectively. This principle also stresses scientific selection and appointment of employees on every job.

• Equity

The principle of equality should be followed and applicable at every level of management. There should not be any discrimination as regards caste, sex and religion. An effective management always accords sympathetic and human treatment. The management should be kind, honest and impartial with the employees. 

• Stability of use of personnel

Principle of stability is linked with long tenure of personnel in the organisation. This means production being a team work, an efficient management always builds a team of good workers. If the members of the team go on changing the entire process of production will be disturbed. Stability of job creates a sense of belongingness among workers who with this feeling are encouraged to improve the quality and quantity of work.

• Initiative

Under this principle, the successful management provides an opportunity to its employees to suggest their new ideas, experiences and more convenient methods of work. 

• Spirit of Co-operation 

In order to achieve the best possible results, individual and group effort are to be effectively integrated and coordinated. Production is a team work for which the whole-hearted support and co-operation of the members at all levels is required. Everyone should sacrifice his personal interest and contribute his best energies to achieve the best results.

COLOMBIAN CULTURE

Our country has a very diversified and rich culture, Colombia is one of the countries with most festivities, also colombian is better know for the kindness of the people, the passion for the things, and the desire for do the right  thing, recurrence and ingenious. We are happy and brightside people, characteristics that do the people from other countries fall in love not only of the natural beauties but also of their population.

There's no doubt that we call colombian culture to a serious of manifestations that form part of the common lifestyle that characterize to the habitants and where is clearly evidencied the influence of the elements from other racil cultues; Colombia is a multietnical country for the inheritance from spanish, native and black cultures. Most part of the population is of a mixed racial ancestry, it means a mix between white and indian.

Another characteristic very own from colombians is the good use of the spanish, consider like one of the best between hispanic counties   

RETAIL CREDIT SERVICE

The retail credit servide is the credit granted by a firm to consumers for the purchase of goods or services. Retail credit can be granted either through outside credit cards such as Visa, MasterCard, and American Express or through retailer-generated credit cards. In-house credit cards encourage store loyalty.

• A retail credit line generally is a credit card for use at one particular store. The store grants you special perks for using the credit card to make purchases. The credit card issuer often is one of the major credit card companies acting on behalf of the retailer, not the retailer itself. Much like any other credit card that offers rewards, specific purchase rules often apply. Some examples of purchasing rules are specific dates when you are allowed to use the credit card for discounted goods, a brief introductory discount followed by a smaller discount later, and blackout dates when rewards cannot be used.

Use of Retail Credit

• In the United States, stores like J.C. Penny Co., Kohl's, eBay and Amazon are examples of businesses that use retail credit to promote consumer loyalty. Stores often offer you a large discount if you apply for the credit card more discounts later. By having its own credit card, the retailer avoids paying fees on other credit cards. One popular reward for signing up for store card is the offer of "no payments and no interest" for a specified time. While this might appeal to you, you should also take note that after the promotional period, a high interest rate might go into effect. Retail credit is usually for consumers, but businesses can also use these credit lines.

Retail credit facilities can take the form of point of sale finance options in retail outlets. For example a $10,000 motorcycle might be a lot for a consumer to pay up front. Retail credit facilities will loan the $10,000 to the consumer, who will then pay it back with interest in monthly instalments over several years. Some offer low or even no payments over an initial time period, but then charge above average interest.

Retail credit facilities give the option of consuming now or consuming in the future. Higher interest rates may be acceptable to some consumers, depending on the consumers' unique consumption utilities. The risk of default is a factor that determines the interest rate that retail credit facilities charge.

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC - MIND MAP

International Economics have diferent features for work good, this feautures are:

• Balance of payment
• Exchange rates
• Absolute Advantage
• Comparative advantage
• Reasons for trade

The balance of payment is the method countries use to monitor all international monetary transactions at a specific period of time, is all about the trade of goods and services, this trades are conducted by both the private and public sectors are accounted for in the balance of payments in order to determine how much money is going in and out of a country.

Exchange Rates are all about the import and the export of goods aroun the world, also for manage this features you have to know about the differences in the interest rates and managmente floating.

Absolute advantage is one of the trade theories is about how countries should specialize in producing what they are best at things they have an absolute advantage.

Comparative advantage is another of the trade theories is about how countries will trade without having to have an absolute advantage, they only need a comparative, this trade happens when the "relative" cost of doing business is  diferent between two countries, there are benefits to trade even when one trading partner is absolutely better in production.

For last, the reasons of trade are access to different goods, potencial for economics, increase of competition, generated economic grow, add global value, social and cultural benefits and factor endowments.

TYPES OF INVESTMENTS

There are seven differents types of investments

INTERNATIONAL TRADE THEORIES

THEORIES OF TRADE




MERCANTILIST THEORY 

• To export is good, to import is to be avoided. When you exported, you receive payment. Currency based on gold standard; problem with this theory is that excludes the fact that in some cases it is good to import.

ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE

• Countries should specialize in producing what they are best at things they have an absolute advantage. incentive to trade is based on each country having an absolute advantage in a product this theory seems to make sense in situations, where the circunstances of the geographic and economic enviorement are relativity simple and straight forward.

COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE

• Countries will trade without having to have an absolute advantage, they only need a comparative, this trade happens when the "relative" cost of doing business is  diferent between two countries, there are benefits to trade even when one trading partner is absolutely better in production.

FACTOR ENDOWMENTS

• A country should export products that use intensively its relatively abundant factors, and import products that use intensively its scarce factors. A country should export products which are made from material.  

THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE

INFLATION

The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and, subsequently, purchasing power is falling. Central banks attempt to stop severe inflation, along with severe deflation, in an attempt to keep the excessive growth of prices to a minimum. 

In other words, a decline in the purchasing power of your money". But there is more to inflation than that. There is "Price Inflation" and "Monetary Inflation".

Technically, Price Inflation is when prices get higher or it takes more money to buy the same item.

CAUSES OF INFLATION

There are a few different reasons that can account for the inflation in our goods and services; let's review a few of them.

• Demand-pull inflation refers to the idea that the economy actual demands more goods and services than available. 
• The cost-push theory , also known as "supply shock inflation", suggests that shortages or shocks to the available supply of a certain good or product will cause a ripple effect through the economy by raising prices through the supply chain from the producer to the consumer.
• Money supply plays a large role in inflationary pressure as well. Monetarist economists believe that if the Federal Reserve does not control the money supply adequately, it may actually grow at a rate faster than that of the potential output in the economy, or real GDP.

EFFECTS OF INFLATION

The effects of inflation can be brutal for the elderly who are looking to retire on a fixed income. The dollars that they expect to retire with will be worth less and less as time goes on and inflation goes higher.

When the balance between supply and demand spirals out of control, buyers will change their spending habits as they meet their purchasing thresholds and producers will suffer and be forced to cut output. This can be readily tied to higher unemployment rates. When extremes arise in the supply/demand structure, imbalances are created.

INFLATION IN COLOMBIA

FINANCE GLOSSARY

SOME FINANCE GLOSSARY

Access

A former credit card system that was sold to Mastercard and discontinued.

Balance Sheet

One of the main components of a company's report and accounts, the balance sheet provides a snapshot of everything the company owes and owns at the end of the financial year in question. On a specific date it lists: tangible assets, intangible assets, stock, debtors, cash, bank creditors, trade creditors, share capital and reserves.

Call Payment

A payment made by investors for new shares. The term would apply to payments made when a company first floats on the stock exchange and also when it has a rights issue. 

Daily Change

The daily change in the price of a share or other security, i.e. the difference between the most recent price of a security and the previous day's closing price.

Earnings

The annual profits (revenues less cost of sales and operating expenses) of a company after deduction of tax, dividends to preference shareholders and bondholders.

Fed

See Federal Reserve System.

Gain

The increase in the value of an asset that had been bought. More specifically, it is the amount chargeable to capital gains tax (CGT) from gains made on the disposal of an asset. 

Heavy Market

A market in which there are more sellers than buyers resulting in falling prices.

Incapacity Benefit

A state benefit payable after the expiry of state sickness benefit if a person is still unfit to work. This replaced invalidity benefit and carried a reduced level of benefit.

Junk Bonds

Bonds which offer high rates of interest but with correspondingly higher risk attached to the capital. In the US they carry a credit rating of BB and below. Junk bonds fell into disrepute in the late 1980s, and are now termed 'high yield bonds'.

Long Term Debt

Debt liabilities due in one year or more.

Merger

The process by which two companies become one. If the companies are listed, the merger may be by agreement, or hostile

Net Cash Flow

Operating cash flow + dividends received from associates - dividends paid to minorities or preference shareholders +/(-) interest received/(paid) - tax paid.

Open Offer

An open offer, also known as an entitlement issue, is an offer made by a quoted company to its shareholders inviting them to buy new shares in the company at a set price, which is normally lower than the current market price.

Par Value

The issue price of a security (stock, share, bond etc). Par value is the same as nominal value and bears no relation to the market price

Quotation

The highest bid price and the lowest offer price of a security available at any particular time.

Real Account

A ledger account detailing assets and capital (such as buildings and machinery).

Sales

Total value of goods or services sold by a company in a period of time, often called turnover or revenue. Sales are recognised in the accounts at the point when the company either has received payment or is very likely to do so.

Tax

An amount levied by a government body on an income, product or activity, and used to finance public services and goods. It may be direct on an income or indirect.

Ultra Vires

Actions by a body that fall outside the remit of its charter and might lead to legal action by affected parties.

Value

The worth or desirability of something expressed as an amount of money.

Weak Market

A stock market where volume is low and the spread is high.

Yield Curve

A graphical representation that plots current yields of a set of bonds or fixed interest securities against their times to redemption (maturity).